Alpha Institute for Advanced Studies

The Planck law of about 1900 is E = h bar omega, where E is electromagnetic energy and omega is angular frequency, so this means that the photon is defined in terms of frequency. The idea of photon as particle was introduced in about 1905 by Einstein, who developed the theory of specific heats of solids to show that E = h bar omega is a general law. This theory was developed later by Debye. Louis de Broglie introduced the idea that momentum is also quantized, and introduced the de Broglie / Einstein equations (see UFT158 ff.). This means that the photon is both a particle and a wave. A light beam is made up of photons, if one imagines a light beam made up of one photon of mass m, the mass m orbits the sun in the same way as any other mass m, in a precessing ellipse. I showed yesterday that this is enough to determine the photon mass, a hundred year old aim of physics, and to refute the U(1) sector symmetry behind Higgs boson theory. To understand your questions below I suggest that you graph out the equations, then that will give all the answers at a glance. Horst does this as co author in many papers. If you like you can run my derivation through a laptop to check that the algebra is correct, and again Horst does this routinely, catching any minor slips that I might make in the initial hand calculation in which an idea is developed. The method is very simple, so very profound. This is the Ockham Razor of philosophy, the simpler the better. The most profound problem in the psyche of “industrialized and heavily funded physics” is that simplicity is rejected because it it is too obvious to be funded. It is known experimentally that a light beam is deflected by the sun, so experiences gravitation, so in theory will experience counter gravitation. In the notes of yesterday c is nowhere used, and only the Newtonian limit is used. General relativity was nowhere used. It was assumed only that a mass m orbits in a precessing ellipse or any conical section. The Newton theory itself has major well known problems as discussed in my long essay, “Meaningless Relativity”, so should be regarded as empirical. This is essentially a Keplerian or pre Newtonian philosophy, all matter is geometry.

In a message dated 21/12/2011 04:08:56 GMT Standard Time

So is photon mass related to the frequency of the photon?

Don’t we get the rainbow prism effect due to the varying masses of the frequencies?

Does this mean that C is an average speed?

Can a photon experience counter gravitation and experience a different velocity, angle of deflection, acceleration through a medium, etc?

Sean

Subject: Comments on the Photon Mass

It is seen that the the photon mass just derived in an excellent well defined approximation does not depend on the frequency of the light, because of cancellation of terms, and this is an even more important result. The order of magnitude of ten power minus fifty seven kilograms has been defined for the first time, and without general relativity, using the older physics up to Planck in about 1900. The entire U(1) sector theory is refuted, and the B(3) theory corroborated. I am particularly delighted about this because I am not out to destroy Einstein’s work at all, I am out to improve it. My late colleague and co author, Jean-Piere Vigier, spent his entire working career on the search for photon mass, and his work is essentially corroborated. Both Vigier and Wheeler accepted B(3) immediately. Both were invited by Einstein to become his assistants at Princeton, and Vigier worked for many years with de Broglie. These are the greats of twentieth century physics. The discovery of the photon mass certainly deserves accolades for the whole AIAS group, which has stuck to its guns through all types of unethical assaults. I hesitate to say anything about the much devalued Nobel Prize except to say that there is a currency crisis. I assumed a Newtonian orbit, so x = 1, but if we vary x through its range, (2 pi), the order of magnitude of the photon mass remains the same order of magnitude. It is easy to remember because of all those varieties of soup. If the photon has mass m, it must follow a precessing elliptical orbit around the sun. Otherwise it has no mass m. It is observed to be deflected, so it has mass m.